Редактирование: Richard Stallman, Copyright vs Community in the Age of Computer Networks
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Лекция прошла в 18:00 5 марта 2008 года в ИФ РАН. | Лекция прошла в 18:00 5 марта 2008 года в ИФ РАН. | ||
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- | [[Изображение:RMS_ifran1.png|thumb|240px|Ричард Мэттью Столлман]] | ||
== Диктофонные записи == | == Диктофонные записи == | ||
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(расшифровка взята с [http://rms-moscow-2008.narod.ru], счетчик времени по [[#Видеозаписи|видеозаписи]], | (расшифровка взята с [http://rms-moscow-2008.narod.ru], счетчик времени по [[#Видеозаписи|видеозаписи]], | ||
- | подзаголовки добавлены после расшифровки, только для ориентации по тексту | + | подзаголовки добавлены после расшифровки, только для ориентации по тексту) |
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looked at from the other side is: what should copyright law say about | looked at from the other side is: what should copyright law say about | ||
those works? | those works? | ||
- | |||
- | === The history of copyright law === | ||
{00:05:41} | {00:05:41} | ||
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wouldn't be so bad. You would just say: "all right, you've killed him, | wouldn't be so bad. You would just say: "all right, you've killed him, | ||
you'll have to pay for his new body", and that's it. | you'll have to pay for his new body", and that's it. | ||
- | |||
- | ==== The ancient world ==== | ||
{00:06:53} | {00:06:53} | ||
- | So, let's look at the history of copyright and copying technology. | + | So, let's look at the history of copyright and copying technology. Copying |
- | + | began in the ancient world, where it was done with a writing instrument | |
- | + | ||
on a writing surface. Now, this copying technology has some interesting | on a writing surface. Now, this copying technology has some interesting | ||
consequences. First of all, there was no built-in economy of scale. Making | consequences. First of all, there was no built-in economy of scale. Making | ||
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of course, that was censorship, not copyright, but the two are closely | of course, that was censorship, not copyright, but the two are closely | ||
related. | related. | ||
- | |||
- | ==== The age of printing press ==== | ||
{00:08:48} | {00:08:48} | ||
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more writing, more books you could buy, more conversation about important | more writing, more books you could buy, more conversation about important | ||
issues that might help society decide what to do. | issues that might help society decide what to do. | ||
- | |||
- | ==== The age of computer networks ==== | ||
So, in the age of the printing press copyright seemed to be beneficial, | So, in the age of the printing press copyright seemed to be beneficial, | ||
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on to the end of that had a discounted economic value, so small, that | on to the end of that had a discounted economic value, so small, that | ||
it wouldn't motivate anything. | it wouldn't motivate anything. | ||
- | |||
{00:24:23} | {00:24:23} | ||
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nothing will go into the public domain again, and, in fact, nothing has | nothing will go into the public domain again, and, in fact, nothing has | ||
gone into the public domain in the US for decades. | gone into the public domain in the US for decades. | ||
- | |||
- | === Dimensions of the copyright power. Digital Restrictions Management === | ||
{00:26:35} | {00:26:35} | ||
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for unauthorized copying. That law is a total injustice it should be | for unauthorized copying. That law is a total injustice it should be | ||
eliminated. But what would democratic governments do? | eliminated. But what would democratic governments do? | ||
- | |||
- | === Reducing copyright power === | ||
{00:48:21} | {00:48:21} | ||
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argue against it, I just propose ten years as a good first adjustment, | argue against it, I just propose ten years as a good first adjustment, | ||
which we could then further adjust. | which we could then further adjust. | ||
- | |||
- | === Three categories of works === | ||
{00:52:57} | {00:52:57} | ||
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contributions work differently, I think that different copyright laws | contributions work differently, I think that different copyright laws | ||
are appropriate for them. | are appropriate for them. | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Practical works ==== | ||
First, the works of... functional, practical works, the works you use to | First, the works of... functional, practical works, the works you use to | ||
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the answer makes sense over here, it doesn't mean it's the right answer | the answer makes sense over here, it doesn't mean it's the right answer | ||
over here. We have to think about each area. | over here. We have to think about each area. | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Works of opinion and testimony ==== | ||
{00:57:14} | {00:57:14} | ||
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And that, I believe, is the minimum freedom that we must have for all | And that, I believe, is the minimum freedom that we must have for all | ||
kinds of works. To take away this freedom is what makes copyright into | kinds of works. To take away this freedom is what makes copyright into | ||
- | tyranny. To take away this freedom, the freedom to share | + | tyranny. To take away this freedom, the freedom to share is what requires |
dracony /?/ and punishments and outrageous means of enforcement. By | dracony /?/ and punishments and outrageous means of enforcement. By | ||
winning back this freedom, by making these works shareable, we can turn | winning back this freedom, by making these works shareable, we can turn | ||
copyright back into an industrial regulation as it ought to be. So, | copyright back into an industrial regulation as it ought to be. So, | ||
that's what I recommend for these works. | that's what I recommend for these works. | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Artistic and entertainment works ==== | ||
{00:59:36} | {00:59:36} | ||
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the right solution is today. In particular this means legalizing the | the right solution is today. In particular this means legalizing the | ||
peer-to-peer sharing. [applause] | peer-to-peer sharing. [applause] | ||
- | |||
- | === Proposed ways to support artists === | ||
{01:03:50} | {01:03:50} | ||
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than the current system of supporting musicians. I would like to, and | than the current system of supporting musicians. I would like to, and | ||
I have two proposals that have to do that. | I have two proposals that have to do that. | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Taxes and cube root of popularity ==== | ||
{01:08:04} | {01:08:04} | ||
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much money, only ten times as much, and the result is paying less than | much money, only ten times as much, and the result is paying less than | ||
we do now to the copyright system, we can support musicians a lot better. | we do now to the copyright system, we can support musicians a lot better. | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Voluntary payments ==== | ||
{01:10:47} | {01:10:47} | ||
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bring someone else with you! [light laughter] Splitting up is the recipe | bring someone else with you! [light laughter] Splitting up is the recipe | ||
for getting eaten.) | for getting eaten.) | ||
- | |||
- | === Questions === | ||
{01:14:14} | {01:14:14} | ||
Anyway, questions. | Anyway, questions. | ||
- | |||
- | ==== What countries are democratic? ==== | ||
{01:14:17} | {01:14:17} | ||
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make people vote for what they want, that is not democracy. | make people vote for what they want, that is not democracy. | ||
- | + | {01:16:20} [Q: Richard, Lawrence Lessig tried... well, not tried, but | |
- | + | ||
- | {01:16:20} | + | |
- | + | ||
- | [Q: Richard, Lawrence Lessig tried... well, not tried, but | + | |
he thought about becoming member of the Congress..] | he thought about becoming member of the Congress..] | ||
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says that god told him to launch his war of conquest to Iraq [laughter, | says that god told him to launch his war of conquest to Iraq [laughter, | ||
applause]. But then what would you expect from a god like that? | applause]. But then what would you expect from a god like that? | ||
- | |||
- | ==== RFID chips ==== | ||
{01:17:54} | {01:17:54} | ||
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your conversation you touched theme of hardware. There is a sort | your conversation you touched theme of hardware. There is a sort | ||
of restriction of human rights, it's the RFID chips, so what's your | of restriction of human rights, it's the RFID chips, so what's your | ||
- | opinion on this and will you start a company like "Stop DRM" | + | opinion on this and will you start a company like "Stop DRM" [apparently |
- | + | ||
listener mispronounced 'company' for 'campaign', which has lead to a | listener mispronounced 'company' for 'campaign', which has lead to a | ||
- | confusion. --Pavel | + | confusion. --Pavel]] |
I don't mind starting a companies, I don't mind what I will do with | I don't mind starting a companies, I don't mind what I will do with | ||
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kind of deem /?/ that they are protecting us from, but that's absurd | kind of deem /?/ that they are protecting us from, but that's absurd | ||
because the big danger is them. [laughter] | because the big danger is them. [laughter] | ||
- | |||
- | ==== The era of "software as a service" ==== | ||
{01:21:15} | {01:21:15} | ||
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it's a search engine. Well, that's looking thought the company's data. You | it's a search engine. Well, that's looking thought the company's data. You | ||
say: please look through your data for me. Okay. It's not your data, it's | say: please look through your data for me. Okay. It's not your data, it's | ||
- | their data. Or suppose you're buying | + | their data. [but consider "search tracking" that they may perform being |
+ | able to identify you, say, if you are logged in. "Your search history | ||
+ | will be more valuable than your CV" --Pavel] Or suppose you're buying | ||
something, then you make a deal with the owner of the site. That's not | something, then you make a deal with the owner of the site. That's not | ||
doing your computation with your data, it's not something you can do on | doing your computation with your data, it's not something you can do on | ||
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have to think about it differently. | have to think about it differently. | ||
- | + | [01:25:00] | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
[Q: What is your opinion about activity of various standardization | [Q: What is your opinion about activity of various standardization | ||
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extensions in GCC and some of them people liked and then they were put | extensions in GCC and some of them people liked and then they were put | ||
in the C spec.. Great! | in the C spec.. Great! | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Licenses for scientific articles ==== | ||
{01:26:16} | {01:26:16} | ||
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to do this, if enough funding sources do this, we will win the fight. | to do this, if enough funding sources do this, we will win the fight. | ||
- | ([somebody says through mic: | + | ([somebody says through mic: Пожалуйста, |
- | + | берите микрофон, чтобы в запись | |
- | + | попало.] What? [laughter] [I just get to make a microphone to | |
them...] I don't understand..) | them...] I don't understand..) | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Cooperating with occupation government ==== | ||
{01:30:09} | {01:30:09} | ||
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So, we have to advocate what is needed to really solve the problem, | So, we have to advocate what is needed to really solve the problem, | ||
but if we win only part of that it's still a victory, a partial victory. | but if we win only part of that it's still a victory, a partial victory. | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Ten years expiry for the GNU GPL ==== | ||
{01:31:34} | {01:31:34} | ||
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(Did you want to ask a question? I want the guy who is standing against | (Did you want to ask a question? I want the guy who is standing against | ||
a wall in a brownish coat...) | a wall in a brownish coat...) | ||
- | |||
- | ==== How many people will push buttons ==== | ||
{01:31:11} | {01:31:11} | ||
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musicians this way, but that they can even get rich. | musicians this way, but that they can even get rich. | ||
- | [ | + | [Q: I can actually add a more recent example, just two days ago Nine Inch |
Nails released their latest album under the Creative Commons Share-alike | Nails released their latest album under the Creative Commons Share-alike | ||
license.. ] | license.. ] | ||
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suppose I could send ten dollars by pushing this button ten times... Well, | suppose I could send ten dollars by pushing this button ten times... Well, | ||
that's so easy! Of course, I would do it. | that's so easy! Of course, I would do it. | ||
- | |||
- | [Q: If they are not popular?] | ||
{01:34:54} | {01:34:54} | ||
+ | |||
+ | [Q: If they are not popular?] | ||
Well, If they are not popular, they would not get so much money, | Well, If they are not popular, they would not get so much money, | ||
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[the same listener: Oh, I can see.] | [the same listener: Oh, I can see.] | ||
- | + | [01:36:12 ] | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
[Q: Which of existing licenses do you mean as the best approximation to | [Q: Which of existing licenses do you mean as the best approximation to | ||
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something, my essays, they permit distribution of exact copies and they | something, my essays, they permit distribution of exact copies and they | ||
don't limit this to non-commercial. | don't limit this to non-commercial. | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Promoting free software to business ==== | ||
{01:37:48} | {01:37:48} | ||
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our values. | our values. | ||
- | + | {01:39:30] [Q: You've got the musicians. How do you practically see, | |
- | + | ||
- | {01:39:30 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | [Q: You've got the musicians. How do you practically see, | + | |
how could it be done, that button implemented?] | how could it be done, that button implemented?] | ||
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[the same listener: Thank you] | [the same listener: Thank you] | ||
- | |||
- | ==== Private software, military technologies ==== | ||
{01:42:09} | {01:42:09} | ||
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will be able to make use of that, if these are /uneral?/, please take | will be able to make use of that, if these are /uneral?/, please take | ||
it to one organization or another will be able to take these, so...) | it to one organization or another will be able to take these, so...) | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
{{RMS}} | {{RMS}} |